Purpose: Something that happens in the future of a scientific field depends on today's view of young people about the future. The perception of young people from the future and their conception of the future is very important. The purpose of this study was to imaging the future of Sports science from the perspective of educated youth. Method: The method of the present research is qualitative and exploratory research and in terms of purpose is applied research. The statistical population of the study included educated youth who are familiar with Sports science and the snowball sampling method was used for interviews and theoretical saturation were obtained with 23 interviews. To analyze the data, the content analysis method has been used to obtain the information of this research. Findings: The results show the future of Sports science among educated youth consists of seven main concepts that include: hope for a green education system, excessive interest in working in the Sports industry, basic reengineering, relative disappointment from the ability of authorities, social position through academic education, desire for empowerment and lack of skills, injustice, and utilitarianism. Conclusion: Finally, by observing the mental images of the youth, it can be stated that Sports science will move towards the dystopia if the current situation continues, and it can move towards the utopia with fundamental changes. In this direction, the stakeholders of Sports sciences need to be together and disagreements need to be managed as well as arbitrariness of Sports science professionals should be reduced.

Aim The Spread of a New Trend in Drugs Advertisement in the Recent Years Has Caused a Hike in Addiction among Women in High-Risk Cases Such as Hallucinogenic and Stimulating Drugs. Distribution and Advertisement for Synthetic Drugs in Beauty Salons and Gyms Have Been Implicated in This Hike. With the Aim of Investigating This Claim, the Present Research Has Engaged in the Qualitative Study of This Phenomenon in Beauty Salons and Gyms. Method This Research Has Been Performed with a Qualitative Approach and Using Collaborative Observation and Deep and Semi-Structured Interview with 42 Women Who Are Referred to as Clients, Visitors, and Hosts. To Analyses the Data, the Grounded Theory Technique and the Theoretical Encryption Method Have Been Utilized. Findings The Prevalence of Masculine Norms, Social Stress, a Body-Conscious View, Gender Sociability, Social Inferiority, and Influence from Social Media as the Ideal Image; Using One’ s Body as a Tool and Gaining a Feminine Identity as the Prerequisite Conditions; Female Gatherings and a Thriving Market as the Interfering Conditions; Underestimating the Drugs, the Ease of Use, Excessive Use and Abuse of Drugs as the Strategies; and the Aggravation and Alteration of the Models of Drug Use, Rejection and Discredit and Guilt as the Repercussion Aspect are Significant. Conclusions In Many Cases the Recreational Use of Drugs leads to the Permanent Use of Drugs. The Prescription of Drugs in Beauty Salons and the Sale of Fitness and Weight Loss Supplements in Sports Gyms May Increase This Risk. Therefore, the Exposure to Drug Use Through Female Environments as the Core of This Research Must Be Considered as an Emerging Phenomenon by the Policymakers in the Combat and Prevention Authority.

Background and Purpose: In recent decades, there has been a concerning increase in the prevalence and diversity of substance use problems in all countries of the world. Emphasizing the importance of prevention, this study aims to identify factors that increase vulnerability to Addiction and to model the causal relationship of adolescent vulnerability to Addiction based on affective-emotional temperaments, considering the mediating role of sensitivity to rejection. Method: This study employed a descriptive–correlational design using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The statistical population included all all secondary school students (10th, 11th, and 12th grades with an age range of 16-19 years) studying in Osku city in the 2023-2024 academic year. Therefore, 465 individuals were selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling method and responded to the Identifying People in Risk of Addiction Questionnaire (I.P.R.A.) by Anisi (2013), Affective and Emotional Temperament Scale (AFECT; Lara et al. 2012), and the Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (RSQ; Downey and Feldman, 1996). Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation methods and structural equation modeling with SPSS-23 and SmartPLS-3. Results: Structural equation modeling results revealed that emotional temperament (R = 0.283, p = 0.000), affective temperament (R = 0.267, p = 0.000), and rejection sensitivity (R = 0.377, p = 0.000) have a positive and significant relationship with vulnerability to Addiction. Moreover, the results indicated that emotional temperament (β = 0.267, p ≤ 0.01), affective temperament (β = 0.283, p ≤ 0.001), and rejection sensitivity (β = 0.657, p ≤ 0.01) had significant direct positive effects on Addiction vulnerability. Emotional temperament also indirectly influenced Addiction vulnerability through rejection sensitivity (β = 0.113, p ≤ 0.01) and emotional temperament has an indirect effect on vulnerability to Addiction through rejection sensitivity (P ≥0.01; ß=0.515). In conclusion, the results showed that the proposed model has a goodness-of-fit indices. Conclusion: The results of this research have important implications for using the proposed model to identify adolescents at risk of Addiction. It can be utilized to design preventive interventions aimed at reducing vulnerability to Addiction among students.

Background and Objective: Internet Addiction among young people and especially university students has become a major social problem. The positive social and psychological effects of participation in Sports activities could potentially compensate the harmful effects of Addiction to the Internet. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between participation rate in Sports activities and Internet Addiction among university students in Shahrekord city. Materials and Methods: This field study was of correlational design. The statistical population of the study included university students of universities in Shahrekord including Shahrekord University, Azad University, Applied Sciences University, Medical Sciences University, Technical University and Payame Noor University. Approximately 24, 300 students studied in the academic year 2017-2018, among whom, 379 students were randomly selected. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, a researcher-made questionnaire on participation in student Sports activities in terms of minutes per week, and the Young's Internet Addiction Inventory. Data was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient in SPSS software. Results: Participants included 188 (49. 6%) male and 191 (50. 4%) female students. Increased Sports participation score with mean (SD) 105. 3 (8. 3) was associated with decreased Internet Addiction score 2. 2 (0. 8) Internet Addiction, P<0. 05. In addition, the Sports participation variable has the predictive power over Internet Addiction, as increasing one unit in the variable of Sports participation, Internet Addiction decreased by 0. 33 units. Conclusion: The study showed that participation in sport activities was had a positive impact on reduced rate of Internet Addiction among university students in Shahrekord.

Introduction: Somatotype is one of the effective factors in predicting the success of athletes in various Sports. Somatotype can be a determining factor in individual differences. In traditional Iranian medicine, the relationship between people’s temperaments (Mizaj) on the one hand and their physical structure and physiological and psychological performance on the other has been discussed. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between somatotype and Mizaj in male non-athlete university students in Mashhad. Materials and Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on male students at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in the winter of 2016. The sample consisted of 200 individuals who were divided into four groups of 50 people based on their Mizaj: warm and wet, warm and dry, cold and wet, and cold and dry. The relationship between the Mizaj index and somatotype was investigated using the Eta correlation coefficient method. Data analysis and hypothesis testing were tested in SPSS software version 21 with a significance level of p ≥ 0. 05. Results: Statistical results showed that the Eta correlation coefficient between the endomorphic type and Mizaj was 0. 89. The results of one-way analysis of variance showed that cold and wet Mizaj had a significantly higher endomorphic score than other types of Mizaj (4. 91±0. 58) (P=0. 001). Moreover, the correlation coefficient of Eta between mesomorphic type and Mizaj was 0. 924. It was also found that the warm and wet Mizaj had the significantly highest mesomorphic score (5. 12±0. 49). The correlation coefficient of Eta between ectomorphic type and Mizaj was 0. 946 (P=0. 001), and cold and dry Mizaj had the significantly highest ectomorphic score compared to other types of Mizaj (4. 83±0. 45). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there was a significant relationship between Mizaj and the body type of young men. Therefore, since the structure of a person’s body type can be a predictor of success in any of the various Sports, Mizaj can be used to determine a person’s athletic talent.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social activities and group Sports with the rate of students’ Addiction to cyberspace. The research method used was correlation. The statistical population consisted of the students at Azarbijan Shahid Madani University in the academic year 2017-2018. Using randomized cluster sampling, 344 students were selected as the sample. To collect the data, three questionnaires were used to measure social activities, group Sports and Addiction to cyberspace. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis. The findings showed that there was a meaningful relationship between social activities and the rate of Addiction to cyberspace as well as groups of Sports with the rate of Addiction to cybernetics. Also, the results of multivariable regression analysis indicated that social activities and group Sports had a significant role in explaining the variance in the rate of students’ Addiction to cyberspace.

Introduction: Although the physical activity of young women in Iran is very important, but this phenomenon is less known. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to design a conceptual model of physical activities of Iranian young women.Methods: The methodology of the research was a qualitative method, Grounded Theory (systematic approach). The study population consisted of Iranian women aged 20 to 40 years’ old who were participating in physical activities. Based on the methodology of research, sampling method was theoretical sampling method and theoretical saturation was obtained after conducting 27 Semi-structured interviews with Iranian young women participating in physical activities and review specialized texts (articles, books, websites and so on). The data analysis methods were continuous questions and comparisons.Results: In the open coding stage, seven main categories in the process of participating Sports activities of Iranian young women were identified: (1) Personal Motivations, (2) Promotional Measures, (3) Barriers, (4) Sports Facilities, (5) Trainer, (6) Safety & Security, and (7) physical activities Benefits. Findings also show that "personal motivations" and "promotional actions" are the primary motivators for young women to engage in physical activity, but "facilities", "barriers", "trainer" and "safety and security" play vital roles in decision-making and participation in physical activity, and if conditions are good, young women will continue to participate in physical activities.Conclusion: Given that Iranian young women face many barriers, only those with very strong personal motivations participate in physical activities

Background & Objectives: Adolescents are the main body of experts in different scientific, technological, and artistic fields in every country. A healthier society needs healthy adolescents, and psychological health is an important dimension of adolescents` health. Although the Internet has brought many valuable changes to people's lives, some users are becoming addicted to this tool and using it incorrectly. They have been intensely preoccupied with using the Internet, spent excessive time online, felt that the world without the Internet is boring, and decreased social interaction with real people. These activities are commonly referred to as Internet Addiction. Adolescents are considered a high–, risk group for Internet Addiction. In addition to internet Addiction, depression is a common problem in today's adolescents which can be considered part of the negative effects of Internet Addiction or caused by other unrelated reasons. Therefore, effective and enjoyable interventions for this age group seem necessary. The present study aimed to compare the effect of participation in art and Sports courses on depression and Internet Addiction in adolescents aged 13 to 17 years. Methods: The present quasi–, experimental has a pretest–, posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all those who referred to 5 centers of summer arts and Sports classes. Among these people, 45 adolescents (21 girls and 24 boys) with a mean age of 14. 88 ±,1. 44 years were purposefully recruited. Based on the results of the Internet Addiction Test (Young, 1998) and the Beck Depression Inventory–,II (Beck et al., 1996), they had mild Internet Addiction symptoms and mild to moderate depression. The subjects were then divided into 3 groups of 15 people each: one group participated in a painting class (arts group), and the other group participated in girls' aerobics class and boys' soccer (Sports group) for 4 weeks (3 sessions of 1 hour per week). Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used for data analysis. In this way, the descriptive indices of average and standard deviation were used to show the characteristics of the subjects. At the level of inferential statistics, 1–, way analysis of variance, analysis of covariance, and Bonferroni post hoc test were performed in SPSS version 22 software at a significance level of α, =0. 05. Results: The analysis of covariance showed a significant difference between all three groups in the posttest scores of depression (p=0. 002). This test also confirmed a significant difference between the three groups in the posttest scores of Internet Addiction (p<0. 001). The Bonferroni post hoc test showed that participation in Sports courses had a significant effect on improving depression and reducing Internet Addiction compared to the control group (depression: p=0. 002,Internet Addiction: p=0. 004). In addition, this test showed a significant improvement in depression and a reduction in Internet Addiction among adolescents 13 to 17 years of age after attending an art course (depression: p=0. 019,Internet Addiction: p<0. 001). In addition, the results showed that participation in art course than Sports course had a more significant effect on reducing subjects' internet Addiction (p=0. 038). Conclusions: Based on the research findings, participating in art and Sports courses reduced Internet Addiction and improved depression in adolescents 13 to 17 years of age, and art course had a more positive effect on decreasing Internet Addiction.